4G Wireless Networks Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

4G Wireless Networks - Research Paper Example The upload and the download speed of 4G WiMax which stands for Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access is 30 mbps and 70 mbps correspondingly. It is worth mentioning that the upload as well as the download speed of 4G WiBro Network is similar to 4G WiMax (Yant, 2012). 2. User Perceptions The perceptions of the users regarding 4G LTE is that it provides significant benefits to the users that include advanced security, enhanced customer address related control as well as customer experiences and high rates of data transmission. According to the users, the service availability of 4G WiMax is quite limited as it does not facilitate the additional users to use and access the connection. In accordance with the perceptions of the users, it has been noted that 4G Wibro Networks possess the imperative facets of high rates of data transmission, superior access of broadband facilities and improved customer experiences (Yant, 2012). 3. Backward Compatibility The backward compatibility of 4G LTE comprises of an LTE terminal that supports the 4G services to work effectively in an LTE-Advanced service network and vice-versa. In this similar context, it has been apparently observed that the 4G WiMax networks are backward compatible particularly with different 3G based technologies that support the individual contributors with effectual business ideas. Conversely, the backward compatibility of 4G WiBro network encompasses WiBro gears that eventually facilitate the users with the offerings of superior as well as faster broadband services along with establishing a highly-sophisticated and saturated broadband market (Yant, 2012). 4. Service...Due to its effectual service availability, 4G LTE is regarded as one of the dynamic solutions for bandwidth-demanding services and latest technological advancements (CISCO, 2011). In relation to determine service availability of 4G WiMax network, it has been viewed that 4G WiMax network possesses limited sort of service availability d ue to the reason that the network does not consider and often cut–off the additional users except the existing ones in using the connection. With regard to determine the service availability of 4G WiBro network, it has been apparently observed that this network possesses the capability to trace out a particular receiver who intends to stir from one specific location to the other with a speed of up to 74 miles per hour. This significant function of 4G WiBro network ultimately makes its service availability much broader as well as stronger in comparison with 4G LTE and 4G WiMax networks by a greater extent (Yant, 2012).

Factors that Affect the Demand and Supply of Cars Essay

Factors that Affect the Demand and Supply of Cars - Essay Example This paper will look at factors that change the supply and demand of cars, possible substitutes that could be used in place of a car, goods that complement cars, and also how cars affect price elasticity. These days, cars are produced in the cheapest places possible. This could be anywhere on earth, but is usually in a country where the labor is cheap and the technological knowhow is in place. The production of cars can change due to a number of factors. One of these is natural disasters. In flood-prone countries that produce cars, such as Thailand, any environmental catastrophe can cause car factories to shut down for an extended period. Apart from affecting the local workers, the price of car can also increase in a country such as America. Because production ceases, the supply of cars also decreases. This inevitably forces the prices of cars up because car companies need to reach a certain level of profit to function as a business. Another factor that could alter the supply of cars is technology. If new technology was discovered that allowed the production of more cars for less, the supply of cars would increase dramatically. This would have the opposite effect of an environmental disaster; the price of a car would fall due to there being an oversupply of cars on the market. In terms of factors that could cause changes in demand, an economic recession would be the most obvious one. The current recession that is affecting the world has reduced demand for cars, although not by much. This is because cars are an essential item for most people, so they have to choice but to continue to purchase cars. Conversely, a rise in people’s incomes would cause the demand for cars to increase. This is because the average consumer would have extra money in their pockets, resulting in more cars being purchased. Because cars are an essential part of our society, there is a very limited supply of substitutes available. The substitution effect states that demand is not rel ated to any shift in income (Krugman and Obstfeld 89). This is unlike the income effect, which states that there is only a shift in demand when there is an increase or decrease in income. Because of the competitive market, there will always be substitute products available. For cars, one substitute may be a form of public transport such as a train or bus. This is more likely to occur during hard economic times because people would not be able to afford to drive a car. Because of this, the most likely option to turn to is the public transport system because it is cheaper than running a car. Thus, there would be increased demand for public transport. This makes sense because whenever there is a decrease in the demand for a product, there is generally an increase in demand for a substitute product. Another substitute that is comparable to public transport is a motorcycle. This is cheaper to run than a car, but can be less expensive than a train or bus. One of the downsides to a motorbi ke is that there is no cover when it rains. However, for those people who cannot afford a car, a motorbike is a realistic option. Just as in public transport, whenever there is a decrease in demand for cars, there will be an increase in demand for motorbikes. Whenever there is a change in the demand or supply for cars, there is a corresponding in the prices of compliments. One product that is a compliment of cars is tires. Because tires are an essential part of any car, their importance is linked with the performance of cars. When there

Street Children in Egypt

Street Children in Egypt Street Children Phenomena in Egypt The street children phenomenon in Egypt as known for most people is one of Egypts serious problems. Egypt is one of the countries with the highest number of street children. I decided to research this topic because it is one of the long lasting problems Egypt is facing. There are a lot of misunderstandings regarding the meaning of the word street children, according to the UNICEF; children must fall under one of these two definitions in order to be called street children. First, Children who are engaged in some kind of economic activity ranging from begging to stealing. Most go home at the end of the day and contribute their earnings to their family. They may be attending school and retain a sense of belonging to a family. Because of the economic fragility of the family, these children may eventually opt for a permanent life on the streets. Second, Children of the street actually live on the street (or outside of a normal family environment). Family ties may exist but are tenuous and are maintained only casually or occasionally.†I aim by this research to evaluate the situation of street children in Egypt and to know their priorities, activities and problems. Also, identify the actions done by the governmental and non-governmental organizations regarding the problem of street children. Finally, raise awareness to the street children problem in Egypt. In Egypt, government legislation and rules relating to street children remains primarily disciplinary to the street children who are viewed as criminals and a threat to the society. Generally, the society looks at delinquents and street children as a disease that should be treated by isolation. Despite the lack of conclusive information about street children, many socio-economic indicators show that the phenomenon of street children is growing, especially in large cities. â€Å"The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) conducted a Rapid Situation Assessment of street children in the two biggest cities in Egypt: Greater Cairo and Alexandria. According to this study, Poverty, family breakdown, and child abuse and neglect, seem to be the leading causes of the problem of street children. â€Å"Eighty percent of the children are exposed to real or constant threat of violence from employers, hostile-abusive community members, and their peers. Ignorant about health, hygiene, a nd nutrition and deprived of services to protect them, street children are a malnourished sub-population subsisting on an inadequate diet. Functionally illiterate (70 percent of the sample were school drop-outs, 30 percent had never attended schools in the first place), economic survival means working at the most menial tasks, or worse, begging, or thieving†. A lot of efforts have been made to try and estimate the number of street children in Egypt, but it is said that they all lack accuracy and reliability. Sedik (1995), based on the records of Al-Amal Village in Cairo, estimated that the number of street children in Egypt, both males and females, is 93,000. Data show that the reasons for the lack of valid and dependable information on the magnitude of the problem of street children are because it is hard to carry out surveys on the number of street children because of they dont live in one place. Another reason is because the police records dont keep record except on the children who are caught and sent to the corrective institutions by a court order. Through my research I found out a lot of causes for the street children phenomena. Children run away from their homes in Egypt because of child abuse, sensation seeking, neglect, existence of other brothers and sisters on the street and peer pressure. Children say that they were kicked out of their homes and forced to live in the streets and abused by their family or the people they work for. There are a lot of ways for abuse. Abuse usually takes the form of severe beating and insults for small mistakes. A lot of children choose to live on the streets because they feel they are free from any boundaries. A huge number of children said that one of the main reasons for moving to the street life is neglect. It could happen due to the illness of one of the parents, or the presence of a large family, or neglect because of divorce. The existence of other brothers and sisters especially older ones affect their younger siblings to follow their lead and move to live on the streets if their fa mily is facing the problems that they cant handle. Sometimes they move together and look for one another on the streets. Peer pressure acts as one of the most effective methods to increase the street children phenomena. Children explain that peers help them adjust to the life on the streets during their early days on the streets by providing food, entertainment, shelter and protection. Street children are usually there for each other. They help each other cope with the street life by explaining where to live, how to earn money and what should be done in case a problem happens. Street children usually do work that doesnt require any technical skills but they do marginal jobs that could provide them with money to survive only. Some of the work done by street children according to UN reports include â€Å"Begging, washing cars or shop windows, selling paper tissues on the streets, working temporarily in shops or factories informally, collecting plastic from wastes to sell to recycling factories, fishing and selling the catch, shining shoes, carrying luggage in the markets for people for money, selling newspapers and finally prostitution. Street children usually carry out their work every day, working in a range of â€Å"4 to 18 hours a day whether in doing one activity or a number of activities consecutively. They usually earn from 3 to 20 Egyptian pounds per day.à ¢â‚¬  Street children are exposed to problems everyday because of the life on the street with no elder supervision or protection. One of the problems is violence. Street children could face violence in many ways. For example, violence inside the children groups where older street children abuse younger children violence from the surrounding community which dont approve of their presence, Violence in the environment where employers exploit street children. Violence is often associated with sexual abuse which younger street children and street females are exposed to. Another problem that street children face is the community disapproval. Street children are rejected by society. They are not accepted due to their appearance and behavior. People generally tend to drive street children away as a result of fear and disgust. A third problem is the police arrests. Street children are always exposed to being arrested by police and returned to their families or committed to correction institutions. This process does not involve any efforts to change the original reason for escape from homes leading to the escape again to the street and the repetition of the vicious circle. The final problem is substance abuse. Street children are facing a serious problem which is free usage of drugs and substances that lead them to lose consciousness, suffer from continuous disorientation and spending all their daily earnings. Absence of good model and refusal of society lead to prevailing frustration of the street children and losing of hope in any good future. Government used to completely ignore the problem of street children who represented to the government a source of shame and embarrassment. The reaction was to ignore and hide the problem rather than face it and try to find solutions to the causes that lead to the spread of this problem. Sometimes the government may use law enforcement forces (police) to gather street children and put them into juvenile correctional institutes where they mingle with criminals and eventually the children escapes back to the streets with criminal background. NGOs, on the other hand, have dealt with the problem in a more consciences way. Programs have been developed and funded to admit the street children to houses and orphanages and try to fit them in the society and enroll them in schools. NGOs have several angles to approach the problem. They use the media to advocate the rights of street children and to promote their fight to protect these children and to treat them as victims rather than criminals who must be locked up. NGOs try to partner with the Government to conduct studies to establish laws to protect the rights of these children. NGOs also have programs that help street children in their own environment which is the streets. NGOs provide food medical care and financial assistance to the street children. NGOs also try to reunite as many street children as possible with their families and provide psychological therapy and social consultations to the children and their families to reach to the bottom of the problem and find a solution to the problems that drive children away from their homes. To conclude, everyone would agree on the magnitude of the problem of street children. The government and the NGOs have exerted many efforts to face the phenomena of street children but more work is needed if they want to achieve their target which is eliminating or at least reducing this problem in Egypt. Laws and legislations should be made to protect street children and help them fit in the society. As to the society I think that more awareness campaigns are needed to get people involved in this problem. We interact with the street children everyday but we always unintentially neglect them. Sometimes people treat street children as if they are something disgusting. Other times people treat street children as if they dont exist. Thats the reason why awareness campaigns should take place to explain to people that nearly all these children were forced to live on the streets and they didnt choose this themselves. Every person should feel that they have an obligation towards these chil dren and want to help them and provide them with a better life. Works cited: â€Å"Street children in Egypt: from the home to the street to inappropriate corrective institutions† by Iman Bibars- Environment and Urbanization, Vol. 10, No. 1, 201-216 (1998) DOI: 10.1177/095624789801000108 Article: â€Å"EGYPT: Street children worst hit by violence, experts say†19 Nov 2006 Source: IRIN SPAAC (1993), Street Children in Egypt, UNICEF, Cairo. Street Children in Egypt: Group Dynamics and Subculture Constituents.by Nashaat Hussein Article: Uncountable Figures Of Street Children Create New Worries By Michaela Singer First Published: February 24, 2008, Daily News EGYPT Mehdi, Ali. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. 17th of November, 2009 . Sedik, A. Experiences with Street Children in Egypt. Center for Child Rights and Protection, Cairo, 1995. Abu El-Nasr, A., 1992; Abdel Nabi, A., 1994; Sedik, A., 1995; and Koraim, A., 1998. Hussein, N. 1998; Azer, A. The Problem of Child Labor in Egypt, 1996.

Video Games: I Hate Loving Them :: Essays Papers

Video Games: I Hate Loving Them I love video games. I love them, and I have no idea why. I will never forget the first time I played the original Nintendo Entertainment System as a child. I was quite young, and I had accompanied my mother and sisters to visit my mother’s family in Ohio. Their town was quite small, and being used to the constant distraction of the city, I found the whole situation to be rather void of entertainment. This was until I was invited to the neighbor’s house, where lived a young boy about my age. I was led to his room, where I discovered something that appeared to be quite magical. Sitting on the edge of his bed, a few feet from a television he sat, holding a controller. Understand that at this point in my life I was certainly no stranger to video games; they were typically black and white and usually entailed navigating a little square man through swarms of little square foes and ultimately to a some sort of goal, which was usually also square. This game I witnesse d was nothing like that. I watched the boy control a little man as he battled fierce walking mushrooms and flying turtles in a quest to save a princess. We played for hours upon hours until it was time for me to leave, at which point the controller had to be nearly ripped from my hands. That day was the beginning of an addiction which not only myself but the majority of America’s youth would soon embrace: electronic gaming. Video games have come a very long way since their inception. Gone are the days of squares battling squares. Modern video games entail remarkably realistic players in three dimensional environments which are sometimes so vast that the players can literally get lost. Today’s games require years of development, and as many gamers will argue, are more fun than ever. Perhaps, however, they’re a little too fun. Electronic gaming has become so vastly popular that in the year 2000, eighty-four percent of overall teens played electronic games regularly (Walsh). As video games become more and more main stream, they have become the topic of much criticism. While some argue that there are some positive effects of electronic gaming, overall, video games are far more detrimental than beneficial; they offer little or no good to those who play, and are a colossal waste of time.

Bank Reconciliation Lesson Plan

Lesson Plan – The Bank Reconciliation Statement General Objectives: Students will:1. Account for differences between the cash book and bank statement balances. 2. Construct a bank reconciliation statement using the adjusted trial balance.Specific Objectives: Students will: Cognitive:1. Demonstrate knowledge of the concept of reconciling bank statements. 2. Explain the reasons as to why your cash book and bank statement may not balance. Psychomotor: 1. Construct a bank reconciliation statement using the adjusted cash book balance. Affective: 1.Value the importance of preparing a bank reconciliation statement. Prior Knowledge: Students have a clear understanding of: 1. The two column cash book. Lesson 1 – Bank Reconciliation Statement| TIME(minutes)| ELEMENTS| METHOD| CONTENT| TEACHER ACTIVITIES| STUDENT’S ACTIVITIES| TEACHER – LEARNING RESOURCES| EVALUATION| | Set Induction/Introduction| -| – Scenario| -Discussion| -Listening- Responding| | – Formative Questioning| | | | Objectives| Sharing the Specific Objectives | | | | | Presentation 1| -| – Reasons for the difference in the bank statement and our cash book. -Questioning- Providing information-Explaining| -Listening- Responding| – Chart- Whiteboard- Whiteboard markers| – Formative Questioning| | Summary 1| Review of Presentation 1| -| Questioning| – Responding| | – Formative Questioning| | Presentation 2| -| – Definition of terms| -Providing information-Explaining| -Listening- Responding| – Chart- Whiteboard- Whiteboard markers| – Formative Questioning| | Summary 2| Review of Presentation 2| -| -Questioning| – Responding| | – Formative Questioning| | Presentation 3| | – Illustration of an example| -Providing information-Explaining| -Listening- Responding| – Chart-Whiteboard- Whiteboard markers| – Formative Questioning| | Summary 3| Review of Presentation 3| -| -Questioning| – Responding| | – Formative Questioning| | Evaluation| -| – Students will complete prepared worksheet| -Observation| – Working| – Whiteboard- Whiteboard markers| – Summative| | Conclusion| Correction of exercise | -| – Providing feedback| -Providing Answers| – Student’s work| -| | Closure| -| – The teacher will review and recap the lesson and then dismiss the class. | – Dismissing of students. | -| -| -| Lesson Notes Set InductionEdward Cullen from the movie Twilight has a bank account and money to manage. You will learn to check his monthly account statement and help him make sure his bank balance is correct. This will help him to make sure that he has enough money for his date with Bella this weekend. This will help you in your own life with your own banking responsibilities. A bank statement is a detailed record of the checking account from the bank. The bank statement balance is the amount of money left in the account per bank’s records. The check book balance is the amount of money left in the account per depositor’s records.All banks use computers to prepare bank statements. Data about all checks paid and all deposits received are entered into the computer in order to keep the depositor’s account up-to-date. All of the data that is stored in the computer is printed out on the bank statement. There will usually be differences between the check book balance and the bank statement balance. In this lesson, you will begin to learn how to explain these differences by preparing a bank reconciliation statement. This statement is used to bring the check book and the bank statement balance s into agreement.Presentation 1The teacher will now explain the reasons for the difference in the bank statement and the cash book. Which are as follows:Un-presented chequesDishonoured chequesDirect debitsStanding ordersBank giro creditPresentation 2The teacher gives a brief explanation on the meaning of these items, and why they may cause the bank statement and bank account balances to differ.Presentation 3The teacher demonstrates a scenario where the cash book bank balance and the bank statement balance differ.CASH BOOK DATE| PARTICULARS| AMOUNT| DATE| PARTICULARS| AMOUNT| 2011| | $| 2011| | $|Dec 1| Balance b/f| 250| Dec 5| J. Gordon| 65| Dec 20| P. Thomas| 100| Dec 27| K. Hughes| 175| Dec 28| D. Jones| 190| Dec 31| Balance c/d| 300| | | 540| | | 540| 2012| | | | | | Jan 1| Balance b/d| 300| | | | Bank Statement 2011| Particulars| Withdrawals| Deposits| Balance| | | $| $| $| Dec 1| Balance b/f| | | 250| Dec 8| 10625| 65| | 185| Dec 21| Deposit| | 100| 285| Dec 28| Deposit| | 190| 475| Dec 29| 10626| 175| | 300| Dec 30| Bank Giro credit: P. Smith| | 70| 370| Dec 31| Bank charges| 50| | 320| | | | | | It is now possible to see that the two items not shown in our cash book are: Bank Giro credit; P.Smith $70 P. Smith had paid us $70, but instead of paying us by cheque he paid directly into the bank. We did not know of this until we received the bank statement. Bank charges $50 The bank had charged us $50 for keeping our bank account and all the work connected with it. Instead of notifying us they have simply taken out the money out of our bank account. The balance in our cash book was $300, whereas our bank statement shows a balance of $320. To prove that although the balances differ they can be â€Å"reconciled† with each other, a bank reconciliation statement will be drawn up.As we have now identified the items missing from our cash book we can now complete writing it up as follows. Bank Reconciliation Statement as at 31 December 2011 Balance as per ca sh book $300 Add: Bank Giro credit $70 $370 Less: Bank charges $50 Balance as per bank statement $320 The completed cash book would now look as follows:CASH BOOK DATE| PARTICULARS| AMOUNT| DATE| PARTICULARS| AMOUNT| 2011| | $| 2011| | $|Dec 1| Balance b/f| 250| Dec 5| J. Gordon| 65| Dec 20| P. Thomas| 100| Dec 27| K. Hughes| 175| Dec 28| D. Jones| 190| Dec 31| Bank charges| 50| Dec 30| P. Smith| 70| Dec 31| Balance c/d| 320| | | 610| | | 610| 2012| | | | | | Jan 1| Balance b/d| 320| | | | | | | | | | Evaluation: The teacher would present each student with a practise exercise on prepaid expense accounts scenarios. During this time the teacher would walk around the classroom observing the student’s responses and offering assistance were needed.

Macbeth by William Shakespeare

Analyses how the writer created a subliminal message in the written or visual text In the play and film Macbeth, written by William Shakespeare, a subliminal message was Macbeth questioning his sexuality. Techniques that helped me to understand this were 21 SST century song lyrics, film techniques, and Wisped. The audience first question Machete's sexuality in the beginning of the play, when Lady Macbeth convinces him to kill Duncan because she thinks Macbeth has a secret crush on the King.Lady Macbeth Is Jealous because King Duncan has more followers on Instating, which Is why she forces Macbeth Into stabbing Duncan In his sleep. A technique that helped me to understand why Macbeth would never love Lady Macbeth Is when she says that â€Å"thy haters guan hate, hate, hate† so she will just â€Å"shake it off, shake it off'. This showed the audience what a bad choice Macbeth made when he married her, and this is obviously why he turned gay. We then see the subliminal message o f Macbeth questioning his sexuality when he kills Banana.Macbeth does this because Banana rejected him, and Macbeth is embarrassed so he sides to kill Banana for turning him down. A technique that helped me to understand why Banana rejected Macbeth is when we see Machete's Shiite haircut, which he probably only paid $2 for. This helped the audience to realize why Banana didn't want to â€Å"swing from thy chandelier† with Macbeth, and this showed me how important a good haircut is if you want someone to love you. We finally accept the subliminal message of Machete's sexuality when Lady Macbeth kills herself because she realizes Macbeth is gay.After walking around without any clothes on to try and win Macbeth back, Lady Macbeth can tell that he â€Å"don't want none unless you got buns hunt†, which she obviously doesn't have. This leads to her Jumping Off building and splattering onto the floor. Macbeth doesn't seem to grieve when he hears that she is dead, and a techni que that helped me to understand this is when we see a close up of his face. You can tell by looking at his eyebrows that he is actually overjoyed that Lady Macbeth is dead, because now he can run away with Macadam.Through the use of 21 SST century song lyrics, film techniques, and Wisped, Shakespeare wanted us to understand how Macbeth was actually homosexual. This helped the audience to realize that Shakespeare was probably gay too, and this was his way of come out without being accused of doing It for rewets. Macbeth by William Shakespeare: Macbeth Questioning His Sexuality By Laboriousness's this were 21st century song lyrics, film techniques, and Wisped. The audience first King.Lady Macbeth is Jealous because King Duncan has more followers on Instating, which is why she forces Macbeth into stabbing Duncan in his sleep. A Macbeth is when she says that â€Å"thy haters guan hate, hate, hate† so she will Just didn't want to â€Å"swing from thy chandelier† with Macbe th, and this showed me how buns hunt†, which she obviously doesn't have. This leads to her Jumping off a building Through the use of 21st century song lyrics, film techniques, and Wisped, his way of come out without being accused of doing it for rewets.