Alcoholism 11 Free Essays

Alcoholism Alcoholism is one of the biggest medical problems in the Western world. Alcohol has been around since biblical times. The problem continues to grow every year and has a negative impact on society. We will write a custom essay sample on Alcoholism 11 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Nearly every town and city has restaurants that serve alcohol, and has stores where it can be purchased. For these reasons, the nature of alcoholism needs to be exposed. The problems that arise from this disease need to be shown. The purpose of this paper is to talk about the problem, the cause and effects, and the treatment process. Alcoholism is the habitual or compulsive consumption of alcoholic liquor to excess according to Webster’s New World Dictionary. An alcoholic has no control over drinking and continues to use alcohol even though adverse consequences occur (Hurley 71). Alcohol affects the alcoholic’s family and work, they ignore responsibilities and assignments. In nineteen fifty six alcoholism was recognized as a disease by the American Medical Association. Fishman 28) When the National Council for Education on Alcoholism (now known as the National Council on Alcohol and Drug Dependency) was formed, their first and most prominent principle was, â€Å"Alcoholism is a disease† (Nicolaus 136). The disease has serious consequences on the drinker and society as well. Even though there is much concern about drugs, next to tobacco, alcohol is the most widely used drug in the United States (Hurley 71). Alcohol impaired drivers caused thirty two percent of traffic related fatalities in two thousand eight (â€Å"Alcohol Impaired Driving†). In 1996 nearly thirty six percent of incarcerated criminals were under the influence of alcohol when committing their crime (â€Å"Alcohol and Crime†). Indeed, alcoholism has become a public concern, since it had begun to influence society as well. There are two types of alcoholism, alcohol abuse and alcohol dependency. An example of alcohol abuse is random binge drinking. A person is alcohol dependent when that person can’t stop drinking without withdrawal symptoms. â€Å"There is no known cause of alcoholism. † (Van Voorhees) Alcoholism is described as a drug addiction. There are several factors that play in its development. They are divided into two main groups, psychological and social. Psychological factors include anxiety relief, conflict in relationships, depression and low self-esteem. Some examples of social factors are the ease of getting alcohol, peer pressure, social acceptance of alcohol use, and a stressful lifestyle. (Van Voorhees) There are other factors that lead to excessive drinking. â€Å"Research suggests that certain genes may increase the risk of alcoholism, but which genes or how they work is not known. (Van Voorhees) Studies have shown that family history is a factor as well. People whose parents abused alcohol have a higher risk of alcoholism. It is a given that alcoholism leads to physical and mental problems. But how does excessive consumption of alcohol affect the daily life of alcoholics? What are the effects of alcoholism in everyday life? The organ most sensitive to alcohol is the brain. The cerebrum is affected first. It is in control of sensation, perception, speech, and judgment. The cerebellum is the second part of the brain affected. The cerebellum is responsible for coordination and balance. A person under the influence of alcohol will have slurred speech, loss of balance and uncoordinated movements. The excessive alcohol user is usually unable to judge accurately what he or she can or cannot do. Drinking alcohol increases confidence and diminishes abilities. This misplaced confidence often leads people to judge themselves competent to perform tasks that are beyond their abilities. (Fishman 37-41) An alcoholic’s job and family are also affected by alcoholism. In couples it affects communication, which in turn, increases conflict levels. It has also been proven that domestic violence increases in alcoholic families. Alcohol use affects parenting. Family life can become chaotic and have poor quality environment. The children are exposed to the parent’s increased conflict (â€Å"Alcohol and the Family†). An alcoholic’s attendance to work is affected by drinking. They are chronically late and their productivity is decreased. The effects of alcohol in everyday life can be further explained through specific examples. In terms of finances, an alcoholic would be irresponsible. The bills would not be paid on time, prompting the collection agencies to take action. An alcoholic would not be stable enough to manage his or her own money; thus, incapacity for money management is an effect of alcoholism in everyday life. In terms of employment or schooling, an alcoholic is most likely to be tardy. However, the person can altogether skip school or work to drink. Even socializing with friends is affected by alcoholism. An alcoholic usually does not like it when other people offer their opinion about his or her drinking habits. He or she is irritated by comments and critiques of their drinking. As a result, the alcoholic would soon drink in secrecy. Another effect of alcoholism in everyday life is the lapses in memory and interest. Due to the aforementioned effect on the brain, it follows that even memory is not spared from the dangers of alcohol. Alcoholics usually suffer from â€Å"blackouts† (Fishman 40). These are instances when they could not remember appointments and the like. Moreover, the activities that the person used to enjoy would cease to be enjoyable, due to the effect of alcoholism (Fishman 42). These are some of the examples of how alcoholism affects everyday life. Alcoholism is a treatable disease. There are treatments available for this condition, and several medications have made it possible for alcoholics to fully recover. In the treatment of alcoholism, there are several steps to take into account: intervention, detoxification and rehabilitation (Fishman 60). The first step is intervention. It takes someone else to point out the problem for them to realize that they need to get help. The most familiar approach in intervention is the confrontation between alcoholics and the concerned party. It was only recently when studies have shown that intervention would be more effective if it was done with â€Å"compassion and empathy† (Medline). The next step is detoxification. The objective of this step is to stop the drinking of alcoholic beverages. This phase in the treatment is tough for the alcoholic, as the intake of alcohol will suddenly be stopped. That is why detoxification usually takes place in an inpatient set-up, in which the environment is â€Å"controlled and supervised† (Van Voorhees). During the process, every medication is cautiously measured to hinder withdrawal from taking place. The moment the symptoms of withdrawal are absent, the giving of medications would be gradually stopped. The duration of detoxification usually lasts from four to seven days. These days, there is a kind of detoxification that is in the outpatient set-up, but still under the guidance of a physician. While in detoxification treatment, it is important that the patient has a balanced diet, as well as vitamin supplements. This is because there are complications that happen with alcohol withdrawal, and the patient must be as healthy as possible (Fishman 83-84). If the detoxification process stops people from consuming alcohol, the rehabilitation process guides people to fully recover by staying away from alcohol (Van Voorhees). This fourth step in the treatment is more comprehensive, as it prepares the patient for complete recovery in the long run. Not only does rehabilitation stop people from drinking, it allows them to create a network of support to encourage their continuous road to recovery. Rehabilitation programs usually involve â€Å"counseling, psychological support, therapy, education and skills training† (Fishman 85-88). There are two kinds of rehabilitation programs: the short-term and the long-term programs (Fishman 89). The former requires less than a month, while the latter could range from a month to a year or longer. There is also the outpatient counseling option, which is suitable for those who have just finished an inpatient treatment. Aside from this, there are the support groups dedicated to the endeavor of recovery of alcoholics. Examples of which include SMART Recovery, Women for Sobriety, and Alcoholics Anonymous (Van Voorhees). There are three recognized medications in treating alcoholism. The first one is Disulfiram. The medicine works by disrupting the metabolism of alcohol, causing a metabolite that would make the person sick if he drinks even a small amount of alcohol about two weeks after taking the medicine. The second drug is Acamprosate. It is believed that this drug helps people to abstain from alcohol; it also decreases the symptoms that come with abstinence (â€Å"Alcoholism†). The third drug is Naltrexone, which works on the brain to decrease alcohol cravings (Barbour 145-146). It is crucial that people are made aware of the causes, effects and treatments of alcoholism. This awareness would help prevent the problem of alcoholism. People should be reminded that alcoholism is not just the problem of an individual but also of society. Works Cited Alcohol and the Family. Aug 2004. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Web. 15 Dec 2009. . Barbour, Scott. Alcohol. San Diego: Greenhaven Pr, 1998. 145-146. Print. Fishman, Ross. Alcohol and alcoholism. New York, NY: Chelsea House Pub, 1986. Print Hurley, Jennifer. Addiction. San Diego: Greenhaven Pr, 2000. Print. â€Å"MayoClinic. com. † Alcoholism. 08 May 2008. Mayo foundation for Medical Education and Research. Web. 15 Dec 2009 . National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Alcohol-Impaired Driving. , 2008. Web. 28 Nov. 2009. Neufeldt, Victoria, and David Guralnik. Webster. 3rd college. New York, NY: Webster, 1989. Print. Nicolaus, Martin. Empowering Your Sober Self. 1st. San Francisco, CA: Jossy-Bass, 2009. Print. United States Department of Justice. Alcohol and Crime. , 2008. Web. 28 Nov 2009. Van Voorhees, Benjamin. â€Å"MedlinePlus. † Alcoholism. 15 Jan 2009. Web. 15 Dec 2009. . How to cite Alcoholism 11, Papers

Advent of Globalization

Question: How the world has changed due to the advent of globalization. Answer: Due to the advent of globalization, the world has seen various changes in a positive manner. On the other hand, the world has experienced various negative impacts as well. Due to the increasing usage of technology and the use of the machineries, the amount of waste is also rising in the environment (Guerrero, Maas and Hogland 2013). The rise in the population in the developed as well as the developing countries, also contributes to the rise in the amount of waste in the environment (Papargyropoulou, Lozano, Steinberger, Wright and bin Ujang 2014). As a result, it has become mandatory to manage the waste materials to give the people living in the society a better life. Moreover, it is important to keep a balance between the operations in the factories that generate waste and the environment. The essay will mainly focus on the measures taken to manage the waste in Asia by referring to some case studies. Along with the rest of the world, Asia is one such continent that is experiencing a generation of huge amount of waste. However, steps are being taken to manage the waste and reduce the pollution so that the environment is not polluted due to the waste. Pollution is another danger for the environment, which is a product of globalization. It is important the change the negative effects that has been brought about due to globalization should not harm the society or the people living in the society is any way. To manage the solid waste, it is important to know the types or the characterization of solid waste that is produced in Asia It can be seen that there are multiple sources of solid waste like residential, industrial, commercial, institutional, constructions and demolition, municipal services, process and the agricultural waste. The types of solid waste that can be generated from the food, plastics, metals, glass, constructions and demolitions materials, wood, steel, dirt, the trimmings from the tee, agricultural waste and other waste (Tian, Gao, Hao, Lu, Zhu and Qiu 2013). Malaysia is one such country is Asia, which is suffering from solid waste generation in the present state (Menikpura, Sang-Arun and Bengtsson 2013). Malaysia is one of the most developed countries in the world but the amount of waste is also increasing at a steep level in the country. It has been calculated that the local communities in Malaysia produce 16000 tons of domestic waste per day. The amount of waste generated in the continent varies between 0.45 kg and 1.44 kg p in one day (Abas 2014). The variations are depended on the economic status of the people of the particular area. On an average, 1 kg of waste is generated per day in the country (Abas 2014). It has been seen that the rapid development in the country has resulted in a huge rise in the population of the country (Kiddee, Naidu and Wong 2013). The study shows that the Malaysian population has increased have increased by 50% in the last decade. The number of city in the Malaysian peninsula has increased by 400% when it was measured in the year 2000 by comparing with the number of cities in the year 1957 (Othman, Noor, Abba, Yusuf and Hassan 2013). The Malaysian government has taken necessary steps to combat the solid waste that are being produced due to the increase in number of positions in the country. The Malaysian government is taking into consideration a number of plans and steps to combat the problem of solid waste. Malaysia has committed to agenda 21, United Nations Framework Convention regarding climate change and the Kyoto protocol for the sustainable development of the country (Samsudin and Don 2013). The government of Malaysia has planned to reduce carbon dioxide e mission by 40% by the year 2020 as compared to t emission that was calculated in the year 2005 (Hardoy, Mitlin and Satterthwaite 2013). The waste management in Malaysia takes place in three phases. In the first phase it was stored, in the second phase is transported to different stations and in the third phase, it is treated at various stations. The waste management style in Japan is quite similar to the waste management style in Malaysia (Pariatamby and Tanaka 2014). A small truck collects the waste from the administration building. The waste is then divided into two parts; one is the combustible bulk waste and another is the general waste. The combustible bulk waste is then passed through crushing equipment (Zen, Noor and Yusuf 2014). After passing through the crushing equipment, it is out in the input. The general waste is directly transferred to the input. Once the waste is put in the input, another machine collects the dust and put the deodorizing agent. In the input there is a receiving hopper and a waste feed equipments, which process the waste. After passing thought the compressor and through the container passing equipment, the waste is then passed though the large trucks. The large trucks then either takes the wastes to a site where it can be disposed or takes them to another plant where, it can be further processe d. A pictorial representation of the transfer of the waste management is given below: The best part of Malaysia and Japan is that they maintain a proper scientific and hygienic method of transferring the wastes and managing the wastes (Lohri, Camenzind and Zurbrgg 2014). The authors, Poonia M. P, Vipin Upadhyay and Jethoo A.S where the authors studied the solid waste management system at the MNIT campus in Jaipur, carried out a study. The study was presented in a paper titled, Solid Waste Collection and Segregation: A Case Study of MNIT Campus, Jaipur (Upadhyay, Jethoo and Poonia 2012). The management of MNIT was going through a critical phase of solid waste management. A large amount of waste was produced through the hostels and the kitchens of the hostels. It has been seen that a lot of waste was being generated from the mess, residents, academics, hostels and the road side. Things like plastic, paper, tin, rubber, leather, cardboards, glass and other things are the wastes that are being generated in the campus. The researcher found that the transportation system of the waste is the main reason for the miss-management of the waste. The sweepers do their job well and they transport the wastes outside the campus every alternate day. The solid wastes that are being collected from the road side are directly transported to the final disposal site (Aja, O.C. and Al-Kayiem 2014). However, the remaining solid wastes are being transported by a tractor to a disposal ground; the solid waste is then final disposal site. The main problem occurs when the tractors takes the waste outside the campus. The tractors are either not covered or are partially covered. The tractors spread the germs in the road while transporting the waste. The workers who work with the solid waste are not given protective gloves while working with the wastes. In addition to this, the shoes of the workers are directly exposed to the waste. Hence, there is a high chance of spreading germs all over eth campus. The miss-management in the solid waste management system pose a threat to the health of the students, teachers, the staffs and the workers who work in the campus (Papargyropoulou, Lozano, Steinberger, Wright and bin Ujang 2014). However, the management use of mec hanical system to load and unload the waste and hence there is a chance that the workers will not have their body coming in contact with the waste. The authors concluded that there is a huge need to upgrade the waste management system of MNIT. The management need to scientifically dispose the solid waste through the sanitary landfill. The management need to buckle up and segregate the waste before transporting them to the final disposal site. The biodegradable and non- biodegradable waste should be segregated not only for the saving the environment but also for recycling products of the waste products, which need not be produced as they can be recycled by the users (Tian, Gao, Hao, Lu, Zhu and Qiu 2013). In another article named, A Case Study on Municipal Solid Waste Management in Chandan Nagar City, the waste management system of Chandannagar city was being studied. The authors, S K Maity, B Bhattacharyya and B K Bhattacharyay studied the semi-urban area of Chandannagar city situated in west Bengal (Maity, Bhattacharyay and Bhattacharyya 2012). The Chandannagar Municipal Corporation collects the solid waste from the Chandannagar city. The solid wastes are being collected from the markets, the houses, the parks and the grounds, the institutions, the offices and the hospitals present in the area. The garbage is collected by the sweepers form the commercial and the residential area. The collected solid wastes are then transported to final disposal ground. However, the problems that were seen with the MNIT persist here as well (Maity, Bhattacharyay and Bhattacharyya 2012). The tractors are not well-covered during the transportation. The roads get polluted as at times, the solid wastes f all on the road. In addition to this, there is no segregation of the biodegradable and non- biodegradable wastes. When the people of the household or the commercial area dispose the waste, there is only one bin that collect both the biodegradable and non biodegradable waste (Guerrero, Maas and Hogland 2013). The authors also found that her is no recycling process goes on after the collation of the waste (Maity, Bhattacharyay and Bhattacharyya 2012). According to the authors, the absence of recycling affects the economy of the country (Maity, Bhattacharyay and Bhattacharyya 2012). The authority fails to understand that once certain products are recycled, the products can be used for multiple purposes. The need of buying new products will decrease eventually. In such a situation, there will be less expenditure on the part of the people (Othman, Noor, Abba, Yusuf and Hassan 2013). The authors also feel that there is high need of adoption scientific method of disposal of wastes and the transportation of wastes. Waste management not only includes the steps taken to reduce the waste and proper processing of the wastes, it also involves storage, transportation and the final processing (Kiddee, Naidu and Wong 2013). Thus, it can be said that India needs to adopt better ways of managing the wastes similar to other countries like Malaysia and Japan. The management system needs to be enhanced in India (Menikpura, Sang-Arun and Bengtsson 2013). They should adopt scientific and hygienic ways of transportation of the waste and takes care that the environment is not polluted while transferring the wastes (Maity, Bhattacharyay and Bhattacharyya 2012). The essay mainly takes into account the case studies of three different countries of Asia, Malaysia, Japan and India. The solid waste management technique is studied for the three countries to compare and contrast the ways adopted by the countries as far as the solid waste management is concerned. After evaluating the waste management techniques of the different countries, it can be concluded that the problems of the waste management is present in all the countries of Asia. However, India needs to adopt better ways and techniques to manage the waste in the country. All the three countries collect the wastes from the residential and the commercial areas in a regular basis. The positive method of colleting the wastes in Malaysia and Japan is that, they segregate the biodegradable and the non- biodegradable wastes. It not only helps in sustain the environment, it also helps in the development of the economy of the country as the recyclable materials do not get mixed up with the degradab le products. It is easier for the waste management authorities to segregate the waste and use the materials for the respective purposes in a better manner. Reference Abas, M. (2014). Municipal Solid Waste Management in Malaysia: An Insight Towards Sustainability.SSRN Electronic Journal. Aja, O.C. and Al-Kayiem, H.H., 2014. Review of municipal solid waste management options in Malaysia, with an emphasis on sustainable waste-to-energy options.Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management,16(4), pp.693-710. Guerrero, L.A., Maas, G. and Hogland, W., 2013. Solid waste management challenges for cities in developing countries.Waste management,33(1), pp.220-232. Hardoy, J.E., Mitlin, D. and Satterthwaite, D., 2013.Environmental problems in an urbanizing world: finding solutions in cities in Africa, Asia and Latin America. Routledge. Kiddee, P., Naidu, R. and Wong, M.H., 2013. Electronic waste management approaches: An overview.Waste Management,33(5), pp.1237-1250. Lohri, C.R., Camenzind, E.J. and Zurbrgg, C., 2014. Financial sustainability in municipal solid waste managementCosts and revenues in Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.Waste management,34(2), pp.542-552. Maity, S., Bhattacharyay, B. and Bhattacharyya, B. (2012). A Case Study on Municipal Solid Waste Management in Chandan Nagar City.International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering Management (IJAIEM), 1(3). Menikpura, S.N.M., Sang-Arun, J. and Bengtsson, M., 2013. Integrated solid waste management: an approach for enhancing climate co-benefits through resource recovery.Journal of Cleaner Production,58, pp.34-42. Othman, S.N., Noor, Z.Z., Abba, A.H., Yusuf, R.O. and Hassan, M.A.A., 2013. Review on life cycle assessment of integrated solid waste management in some Asian countries.Journal of Cleaner Production,41, pp.251-262. Papargyropoulou, E., Lozano, R., Steinberger, J.K., Wright, N. and bin Ujang, Z., 2014. The food waste hierarchy as a framework for the management of food surplus and food waste.Journal of Cleaner Production,76, pp.106-115. Pariatamby, A. and Tanaka, M., 2014. Municipal solid waste management in Asia and the Pacific Islands.Environmental Science, Springer, Singapore. Samsudin, M.D.M. and Don, M.M., 2013. Municipal solid waste management in Malaysia: current practices, challenges and prospects.Jurnal Teknologi,62(1). Solid Waste Management and Recycling Technology of Japan à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã‚  Toward a Sustainable Society Toward a Sustainable Society à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã‚ . (2015). 1st ed. [ebook] Ministry of Environment. Available at: https://www.env.go.jp/en/recycle/smcs/attach/swmrt.pdf [Accessed 6 Jun. 2016]. Tian, H., Gao, J., Hao, J., Lu, L., Zhu, C. and Qiu, P., 2013. Atmospheric pollution problems and control proposals associated with solid waste management in China: a review.Journal of hazardous materials,252, pp.142-154. Upadhyay, V., Jethoo, A. and Poonia, M. (2012). Solid Waste Collection and Segregation: A Case Study of MNIT Campus, Jaipur.International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology (IJEIT), 1(3). Zen, I.S., Noor, Z.Z. and Yusuf, R.O., 2014. The profiles of household solid waste recyclers and non-recyclers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.Habitat International,42, pp.83-89.

Tootsie Roll Industries Essay Example

Tootsie Roll Industries Paper The report given is about a Chicago based company called Tootsie Roll Industries, Inc. Tootsie Roll Industries is an old company that has been manufacturing and selling candy for more than 110 years and has come a long way after a number of merger and acquisitions to add to the brands’ product line. The company currently operates in 30 countries. However, it is imperative that the company operations should be extended to other countries to make Tootsie Rolls a household name in every country. As an International Business Development Manager of this company, I have suggested expanding the company operations to Pakistan where the consumers look for newer products. And even though the local competition provides candies at lower prices, the lack of quantity and quality of the local candies has made them undesirable for the brand conscious middle and upper class of the country. Moreover, the imported chocolates of the companies Hershey’s, Cadbury, Nestle and Mars can not be afforded often by the lower middle and the middle class who also have desire to consume high quality sweets and chocolates. The report discusses the company operations, target market, brands and core competencies. Then the report presents recommendations about the target country and comprehensively analyses and discusses how and why this country is suitable for expanding the company operations. II. COMPANY ANALYSIS We will write a custom essay sample on Tootsie Roll Industries specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Tootsie Roll Industries specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Tootsie Roll Industries specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Tootsie Roll Industries is a manufacturer of confectionery in the United States. Its best known products / brands have been Tootsie Rolls which are â€Å"chewy chocolate -flavoured candies† and Tootsie Pops, â€Å"hard candy lollipops filled with chewy chocolate-flavoured Tootsie Rolls†. Along with these, the company has added to its brands by acquiring other confectioners. The company was established in 1896 by an Austriant immigrant called Leo Hirshfield who brought his own recipe when he came to America. He first started to produce Tootsie Rolls in a small store in New York City. In 1917, the company was called The Sweets Company of America, and in 1966, adopted its current name of Tootsie Roll Industries, Inc. Since its inception, the company has expanded by acquiring several famous brands of confections such as Mason Division from Candy Corporation of America, Cellas Confections, The Charms Company, The Warner-Lambert Company (excluding gum mints), Andes Candies, and Concord Confections. â€Å"Tootsie Roll Industries currently markets its brands internationally in Canada, Mexico, and over 30 other countries. The companys heaquarters are located in Chicago. † The company has been operating successfully under the auspices of the married team of 87-year-old chairman and CEO Melvin Gordon and 75-year-old president and COO Ellen Gordon who control 80% of the companys voting power. The company has been known to use the same formula for over 100 years. Its Charms and Tootsie Pops brands make it one of the largest lollipop producers in the world. According to Hoover’s Fact Sheet, Tootsie Roll Industries, Inc. has total of 26 competitors in the confectionary and candy industry in the countries in which it is operating. However, the most important ones are Hershey, Mars and Nestle. Mars is considered to be the industry leader manufacturing high quality and high energy brands such as Twix, Mars, Snickers, Milky Way, MMs, etc. that not only cater to the children but adults of all ages as well. Customers/ Target Market The company mostly targets the children and to some extent the younger population (teenagers) up to the age of 18. However, Tootsie also targets the adults as well for using its products in the offices, meetings, social gatherings, parties, and special occasions so that they become a family product rather than a child’s. Even though, candies and sweets are products that are primarily for the children, the products are used by and popular among all ages both young and old. During the Korean War, Tootsie Rolls was very famous among the armed forces. According to them, Tootsie Rolls reminded them of their country America, and gave them hope and kept them alive during the war. US military has since been a major part of the loyal customers of Tootsie products. Tootsie Rolls has been a nostalgic reminder of home bringing them good memories about their country. Also, the brands such as Charms Family Fun and Child’s Play specifically cater to family occasions such as Halloween and birthday parties. Moreover, they do not cater to any specific income class; hence they are affordable and liked by affluent as well as the middle class. Products and Services The company is basically into manufacturing candies and confectionery industry. Tootsie’s core products are candies and confectionery items such as chocolates, toffees, caramel sweets, bubble gums, lollipops, jellies, cotton candy, etc. It has added to its original brand of Tootsie Rolls by mergers and acquisitions and has extended its product line and customer base since its inception. Some famous brands manufactured and sold by the company are as follows: 1. Tootsie Rolls Tootsie Rolls was the first product that was produced and sold by Leo Hirshfield in his small shop that brought the company fames. â€Å"Hirshfield hand rolled and wrapped his chewy, chocolate flavored creation and named the candy after his 5-year-old daughter, Clara, whose nickname was Tootsie. Tootsie Roll was the first wrapped penny candy in America. † Today, Tootsie Rolls are produced using the same basic recipe that was used by its creator over a century ago. About 62 million Tootsie Rolls are produced every day. Tootsie Rolls now come in a variety of shapes and sizes.

jfk assassination essays

jfk assassination essays Since November 22, 1963, the assassination of President John F. Kennedy has aroused a number of questions concerning the person or persons behind the vile murder. Arguably the most controversial murder associated with politics in the 20th century, the number of unproven theories regarding John F. Kennedys death is remarkable. Theories including how many shooters were involved and how many shots were actually fired on the frightful day of the assassination are nothing more than factual hypothesis. Countless numbers of people have added their thoughts on each of the theories: none of which are one hundred percent certain. In hopes of finding answers, this research paper will gather as much authentic information on each theory in question as possible. At 1:30 P.M. on November 22, 1963, all of the theory-related questions emanated. In relation to the Zapruder film, certain assumptions could be made about how many shots were actually fired from Lee Harvey Oswalds 6.5 millimeter Mannlicher-Carano. One could also argue that there was not enough time in between shots that struck Governor Connally and John F. Kennedy. In such a case, there must have been a second gunman. Supporting the lone gunman theory, the Warren Commission (hand-picked by Lyndon B. Johnson one week after the assassination of John F. Kennedy) came to the conclusion that Lee Harvey Oswald acted alone in the murder. The Commission also added that they found no evidence that led Lee Harvey Oswald to any conspiracy, foreign Other discussed theories such as the single bullet theory are yet to be determined by experts. Whether or not one bullet hit both Governor Connally and President John F. Kennedy is still being debated. Certain inquisitors state that more than one shot was fired: others, a so-called magic bullet. The House Select Committee on Assassinations concluded that a shot was fired from the legendary grass...

Cover Letter Mistakes 5 Words and Phrases to Delete from Your Cover Letter

Cover Letter Mistakes 5 Words and Phrases to Delete from Your Cover Letter Cover letters are not dead, and cover letter mistakes can still cost you a job to someone who does a better job in their letter. One easy way to write a strong cover letter is simply to avoid certain overused and ineffective words. Heres why you dont want to use 5 of these too-common words and phrases, and what some alternatives might be. Read till the end. I saved the best for last. 5 Cover Letter Mistakes to Avoid 1)   Using the word â€Å"hope.† Examples I hope to hear from you soon. OR I hope to be able to contribute my skills to ABC company. Why You Should Avoid this Cover Letter Mistake Hope springs eternal.  The company doesn’t care about your hopes and dreams.  They care about what you can do for them. Alternatives to Hope I look forward to speaking with you further regarding my qualifications. OR My ability to take clear, decisive action will allow me to make an impact at ABC company from day one. OK, now we’re talking! 2)   Saying you want to improve or hone your skills. Example I am excited to hone my programming skills at ABC company. Why You Should Avoid It Companies do not hire you in order to train you. They want someone who will make a contribution. Just like â€Å"Objective† statements stating what you want are no longer desirable on resumes, don’t tell a company in a cover letter what you want to get from them. Alternative to Avoid this Cover Letter Mistake I look forward to contributing my programming skills to the efforts of ABC company to make the web accessible to everyone. (No neediness here. So much better.) 3)   Saying you are â€Å"drawn† to a company. Example I am drawn to ABC company because of its outstanding reputation and high-quality service. Why You Should Avoid It You get drawn to a person across a crowded room.  Companies don’t care to hear that you are drawn to them.  And a bonus tip:  companies with outstanding reputations don’t need to be told that you want to work there because of their outstanding reputations. Who wouldn’t be drawn to those companies? Alternative for Drawn The relationship management skills I built while working in a state office are a match for ABC company’s commitment to outstanding customer service. (That’s so much better, isn’t it?) 4)   Talking about how you â€Å"feel.† Example I feel the relationship management skills I built while working in a state office are a match for ABC company’s commitment to outstanding customer service. Why You Should Avoid It Can you see how adding â€Å"I feel† at the beginning of this sentence killed it completely?  Tell a psychologist how you feel.  Tell a company what you can do for them.  If you must, use the word â€Å"believe† instead of â€Å"feel.†Ã‚  But see if you can avoid this type of language altogether. Alternative for Feel The relationship management skills I built while working in a state office are a match for ABC company’s commitment to outstanding customer service. 5)   Referring to â€Å"Your company.† The worst possible cover letter mistake is to write a generic cover letter. Never, ever, write a cover letter where you only refer to the name of the company when you say â€Å"I’m applying for a the position of X at ABC Company.† Use the name of the company multiple times throughout the letter. Don’t just use the name of the company. Tell them why you want to work specifically for them. Speak to their mission and values. Do you know someone who worked there? Have you used their products for 20 years? Don’t be afraid to get personal. That human touch could be the thing that gets you the job. Examples My father and greatest insurance mentor, J.B. Krankshaw, who was mentored by ABC Insurance founder L.B.J, had a phenomenal 40+-year record as an ABC Insurance agent. In my mind, Jimmy’s has differentiated itself, prompting me to become a full-fledged, app-carrying brand fan. I was one of their first consumers when they first opened in my town, and last year, I enthusiastically helped the XYZ Digital Marketing team win the Jimmy’s competition. Take these five tips to heart when you’re writing your next cover letter and you’ll avoid some common cover letter mistakes. Not only that, but I promise you that more creative and powerful language will show up, making your cover letter more effective than you ever thought it could be. Did you try it?   Share examples in the comments please! Are you struggling to craft a creatively worded cover letter that gets attention? Wed love to help! The Essay Expert offers entry-level, mid-level, and executive-level cover letter writing services.

FInancial Outlook on Social Security Pensions Research Paper

FInancial Outlook on Social Security Pensions - Research Paper Example This takes place at the macro level. Personal retirement savings accounts were established into Ireland through in 2002 through the Pensions Act. These accounts are long term individual accounts that have been designed to help people save for their retirement in an elastic manner (Attanasio 3). The significance of security savings especially for those people with no pension provisions exist. With a personal retirement savings accounts, a person can change their employment and continue using the same account. It is also possible to change from one savings account to another at any time without charges. The two main different types of personal retirement savings account are all aimed at improving the financial security of individuals. These two are; standard personal retirement savings accounts and the non-standard savings accounts. The principle difference between the two saving accounts is on the charges. Moreover, there are restrictions on the type of property that the standard savi ngs account can invest in. They only invest in joint funds where the hazard is extended on huge number and diversity of investments. However, the standard savings account meets the requirements of most people. The non-standard savings accounts tender broader investment alternatives. ... The accounting methods used to estimate their liabilities assume that better planning can earn higher investments with reduced risks. It is likely that plan assets could fall short. In such a case, taxpayers are expected to make up for the difference. However, the taxpayer guarantee value is not disclosed. While states recognize underfunded social security pensions, it is evident that the situation is worse than it is demonstrated by their accounting. If proactive steps are not taken therefore, taxpayers will be forced to cover huge shortfalls (Aguila 39). From such an analysis, it is evident that the financial outlook on social security pension practices is inaccurate. This is because the shortfalls exceed explicit state debts. It is, therefore, arguable that pension benefits, contributions, and retirement ages must be transformed. However, this may be difficult until accurate accounting systems are adopted. It is evident that the social security programs are currently experiencing financial problems. There has, therefore, been the question on social security policy on the retirement behavior of incentive programs. The role of private pension programs has been growing over the past few years. It is, there, important to review and monitor their performance in an international framework especially with the 2008 financial market crisis (Aguila 39). Rapid decline in labor participation of men has been a striking phenomenon especially in the second half of the twentieth century. A lot has been documented on causes of this trend amongst older men. Presently, through life-cycle model of saving, individuals get the opportunity to design consumption and saving plans through the assumed perfect information. Statistics, however, proof that many workers in the U.S. lack

Study skills Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Study skills - Essay Example The leading areas of focus include: Economic development and wealth creation. Social development. Environmental development. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Generally, the main concern that necessitates the upgrade of modern cities is the need to accommodate the ever-growing population especially around the bigger cities. One of the causes for this increase is the rapid rural-urban migration. The main cause for this migration is the pursuit for job opportunities and better housing facilities among others. There is a need to upgrade the existing social amenities to match this rate of migration in order to avert the major social problems that are associated with any unprecedented rise in population. London has been on the fore front in ensuring that the general infrastructure of the city is developed to ensure that the city retains its global position despite the sudden rise in urban dwellers. The other reason for the upgrade is to address recent global areas of concerns associated with the urban ar eas, top among them being the global warming menace. Most authorities have realized that the current global race towards industrialization has led to an upsurge in environmental degradation in levels never seen in the recent past. Keywords: urbanization, global warming, infrastructure, energy, renewable energy, sustainability, waste management. Introduction There has been a high motivation to improve on the development of London over the recent years. The Greater London Authority (GLA) is an authority whose role is to seek development in a brighter future for London. GLA is made up of members such as the Mayor, London Assembly, and staff. Other functionalities existing include London Development Agency, Metropolitan Police Authority, Transport and London Fire and Emergency authority. Therefore, the report seeks to expound on environmental improvement in London Powers and Responsibilities of the GLA and the Mayor: The Mayor of London is a very important figure as he sets the strategy used to focus on development, procedures to be used as well as the policies to be followed to realise the vision of making London the biggest and best city or choice of destination in the world. This involves the areas described above such as economic development and wealth creation, social development and finally environmental development. The work of strategizing the London vision is a responsibility of London’s Mayor. The mayor comes up with the best strategies that will be used to implement and fulfil the vision for the future. The Mayor of London also seeks to establish working relationships with key parties such as organisations. This will see to it that essential lines that will enable London to move easily to the strategized vision for its future can be drawn. According to the Mayor of London, Johnson Boris insists that he wants to bring about the changes that most Londoners have always aspired. Some of these changes include remodelling the general outlook of London so that it reflects a cleaner city with safer streets. There is also a need to introduce modern transport system as well a state-of-the art housing facilities. This will play a crucial part in attracting local, as well as foreign visitors to this great city. The Mayor of Lond